Survey of Architectural History Practice Exam

A large upright standing stone, whether on its own or arranged in a line, is called a menhir. The name comes from Breton, meaning “long stone,” and it identifies the standing stone itself rather than any accompanying structure. Dolmens are built tombs with upright stones supporting a capstone. Henges refer to circular earthworks, often with a ditch and bank, that may include standing stones but are defined by the groundwork rather than the stones themselves. Megalith is a broad term for large stones used in prehistoric monuments, covering everything from single standing stones to tombs and circles. So the description points to the specific standing-stone form: the menhir.